Corn speedwell (Veronica arvensis) is a ubiquitous winter annual weed found in lawns, gardens, and disturbed areas. Despite its classification as a weed, corn speedwell possesses a surprising duality. While it can crowd out desired plants, it also boasts a history of human consumption as a source of vitamins and even features edible flowers. Understanding its identification, life cycle, and control strategies equips homeowners with the knowledge to manage this versatile weed effectively.
Identifying Corn Speedwell
Corn speedwell's small stature and low-growing habit make it a common problem in lawns and gardens. Here are key characteristics to aid in recognizing this member of the plantain family:
Size: Corn speedwell typically reaches heights of 2-8 inches.
Stems: Slender and branching stems characterize this weed.
Leaves: Small, oval leaves with toothed edges adorn the plant. Leaves on higher stems are shorter, narrower, and pointed at the tip compared to those at the base. All leaf and stem surfaces are hairy.
Flowers: Clusters of small, blue flowers with dark blue stripes create a distinctive visual element.
Seeds: Small, yellow, and heart-shaped seeds are produced by the plant.
Differentiating Corn Speedwell From Lookalikes
Two common plants can be mistaken for corn speedwell:
Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederichoides): This lookalike shares membership in the plantain family but boasts larger, less-toothed leaves compared to corn speedwell.
Persian Speedwell (Veronica persica): Another member of the plantain family, Persian speedwell can be distinguished by its larger flowers compared to corn speedwell.
The Life Cycle Of Corn Speedwell
As a winter annual, corn speedwell germinates in fall or early spring, completing its life cycle by summer or fall. Here's a breakdown of its development stages:
Germination: Corn speedwell seeds require moisture and warmth to germinate in fall or early spring.
Vegetative Growth: Following germination, the plants experience a growth spurt, producing leaves, stems, and roots.
Flowering: Spring or early summer ushers in the flowering stage, with the characteristic blue flowers with dark blue stripes blooming in clusters.
Seed Production & Dispersal: After flowering, the plants produce seeds readily dispersed by wind or water.
Corn Speedwell Management & Control
The prolific seed production of corn speedwell necessitates control measures to prevent its spread. Here are effective strategies for managing and controlling corn speedwell:
Hand-Pulling: For small infestations, hand-pulling is an effective method, provided it's done early on. Ensure complete removal of the root system to prevent regrowth.
Hoeing: Effectively control corn speedwell by severing the plant at the base using a hoe. Ensure complete removal, including the roots.
Mulching: Applying mulch around desired plants creates a barrier, hindering corn speedwell seed germination and suppressing existing plant growth.
Herbicides: Several herbicides can be used for control, but meticulous reading of herbicide labels is crucial, as some can harm desirable plants.
Cultural Control Practices
Incorporating specific cultural practices can prevent corn speedwell from establishing itself:
Regular Mowing: Maintain a mowing height of 3 to 4 inches for your lawn.
Deep and Infrequent Watering: Water your lawn deeply but infrequently to discourage the weed.
Strategic Turfgrass Selection: Choose turfgrass varieties well-suited to your climate and soil conditions.
Prompt Weed Removal: Address any emerging weeds swiftly to prevent them from gaining a foothold.
By implementing these management and control practices, you can effectively keep corn speedwell populations in check within your lawn or garden.
Additional Tips For Success
Early Intervention Is Key: The most effective control occurs in spring before flowering and seed production.
Targeted Herbicide Selection: For herbicide use, choose formulations specifically labeled for corn speedwell control.
Safety First: Always follow application instructions on herbicide labels and wear protective clothing during application.
Persistence is Rewarded: Extensive infestations might require multiple treatment applications.
With a proactive approach and consistent effort, you can prevent corn speedwell from becoming a nuisance in your lawn or garden. Remember, vigilance and a commitment to these strategies will pave the way for a thriving landscape free from the unwanted presence of corn speedwell. If you are in Florida and want more information on weed control services near you, call Coastal Property Maintenance today!
